The embodied diagram of the UAZ Bukhanka heating system attracts special attention from the owners of this car when upgrading the car’s interior. After all, all car owners understand that the interior of this off-road car is very far from its foreign counterparts in terms of comfort, although this model was originally designed for use by special services, and what can one expect for such an affordable price.
Possible options for tuning the UAZ Bukhanka interior
As already indicated, the UAZ 452 car was created to meet the high requirements of specialized transport for the Ministry of Emergency Situations, military and medical services. True, this fact is absolutely not a statement that the performance of this car can be considered impeccable. That is why, when tuning the interior of the Loaf, not only the heating system is modernized, but also many other parts and elements.
First of all, when modifying the interior of the UAZ Bukhanka, most car owners replace the standard hard seats with more modern and soft analogues, since the basic seats can shake out the soul when moving, which is especially typical for off-road driving. Moreover, some craftsmen even integrate heated and electric chairs, for which the existing electrical equipment connection diagram is adjusted.
At the next stage, attention is paid to soundproofing the interior of the UAZ 452 and fixing the elements of the dashboard, however, before fastening the elements, the heating system of the Bukhanka is modernized, which will be discussed further. In terms of style, the interior can be decorated with leather, the dashboard can be decorated with wooden inserts or wood-look details.
Often, a variety of additional accessories appear in the interior of the UAZ Bukhanka, including shelves, glove compartments and ashtrays. The steering wheel is often replaced with a modern imported analogue with soft upholstery made of leather or other material.
Of course, there are other options for modifying the interior of this car, which depends on the imagination of the car owner, but one of the key aspects of tuning the interior is still the upgraded circuit of the Bukhanka heating system, since the standard heater simply cannot cope with its immediate responsibilities.
How Bukhanka's heating system can be upgraded
When the UAZ Bukhanka heating system diagram is being finalized, the following aspects must be taken into account.
The heater radiator should be located below the level of coolant present in the cooling system, so that this substance is pumped through it more efficiently and is always present in it. To do this, you can make the cooling system closed by integrating an atmospheric valve in the expansion tank cap. In this case, in the latter, the coolant level should always be higher than the installed heater radiator.
Air must be pumped with a less noisy centrifugal fan, which should be located along the air flow to the radiator. This approach will further reduce the noise level.
The air flow through the radiator must pass solely due to the pressure generated by the fan, and not through kinetic energy. In this case, the fan nozzle should not blow directly into the radiator honeycomb, since the air will pass unevenly through the radiator.
The temperature of the discharge air should be regulated by a damper that mixes cold and hot air flows, and not by a tap. When using a tap, the temperature will greatly depend on the operating mode of the power unit, and the damper can be used to regulate the ratio of both air flows.
The driver and passenger of the UAZ 452 will feel more comfortable when a higher temperature develops in the legs and lumbar region, and colder air should be present at face level to prevent drowsiness. To do this, the heating system circuit must be constructed in such a way that hot air is forcedly supplied to the legs and glass, and colder air must flow to the face, which can be achieved by additional selection of cold air masses between the radiator and the fan, as well as by means of an adjustable air mixing damper streams.
One of the options for modernizing the heating system of the Loaf could be the following sequence of actions, which consists in integrating a pair of snails onto a standard stove body:
- one snail is taken from the Bukhanka salon stove, the body of the second must be borrowed from the MTZ-82, and the fan and motor are installed from another UAZ stove;
- you need to stick a turbine from the Volga into the snail, since the standard one is very small and does not inspire confidence;
- then hoses are connected to the volute, for which a plate with a pair of holes is simply made, which is the easiest solution;
- after this you need to take ordinary sewer bends with a dimension of 50 * 45, which are attached to the plate. Mounting them is also very simple. It is necessary to take plugs from the 50 pipes and make holes in them to form a ring with a side. The entire structure is then inserted into the plate;
- To rotate the outlet, you need to put a pair of rubber rings on it, which can be borrowed from tractor hydraulics. Then the entire structure is applied to the snail, and as a result you need to get a similar design with the second snail. Don't forget about integrating diffusers;
- The work is completed by fastening the snail to the plate using bolts, rivets and welding, after which the product is painted. It is important to remember that the heater body cannot be removed without first draining the antifreeze and disconnecting the hoses from the radiator.
Conclusion
Concluding our discussion of our topic, we note that if you invest certain funds and effort into the Loaf, you can get an SUV that is quite comfortable for movement. At the same time, the design of the UAZ Bukhanka heating system must be modernized without fail, since the basic heater is unlikely to live up to its name in the cold season.
Read more:
- Tuning the interior of the UAZ "Loaf"
Any owner of a UAZ Bukhanka car understands that his SUV is very far from its foreign counterparts in terms of interior comfort. Of course, it is much cheaper and was originally developed in...
- Do-it-yourself UAZ “Bukhanka” tuning
UAZ-452, popularly known as “loaf” and “tablet”, is an all-wheel drive two-axle utility vehicle, available in flatbed and body versions, with a long history (its production started...
pro-vnedorozhniki.ru
Heating diagram UAZ 452
xcschemers.appspot.com
Cooling and heating system of UAZ wagon layout with ZMZ-4091 Euro-3 and ZMZ-40911 Euro-4 engines.
Cooling and heating system for UAZ-374195, UAZ-396295, UAZ-396255, UAZ-390995, UAZ-390945, UAZ-220695, UAZ-330395, UAZ-330365, with injection engines ZMZ-4091 Euro-3 and ZM Z -40911 Euro-4, liquid, closed, with forced circulation of coolant.
The cooling system of carriage-type vehicles UAZ-374195, UAZ-396295, UAZ-396255, UAZ-390995, UAZ-390945, UAZ-220695, UAZ-330395, UAZ-330365 includes:
Channels for the passage of coolant in the cylinder head. - Intercylinder channels for the passage of coolant in the cylinder block. - Cooling system radiator. - Water pump. - Cooling fan. - Fluid coupling of the cooling system fan drive. - Expansion tank. - Two-valve thermostat.
Coolant temperature gauge sensor.
Engine control unit coolant temperature sensor. - Radiator drain plug. - Drain valve or cylinder block plug. - Throttle device heating hoses.
Connecting pipes and hoses.
auto.kombat.com.ua
Heater UAZ "Loaf"
A car consists of many components. Each of them requires increased attention. Therefore, drivers must monitor the condition of their “iron horse”. The issue of preparing the car for the winter period is especially important.
Here, the presence of a well-thought-out heating system plays a vital role. Let's talk about it in the UAZ "Loaf".
Meaning:
This system is important, first of all, for maintaining normal temperature in the cabin at any time of the year, for ventilation of the air inside the car.
Most “loaf” models are equipped with a high-power heater “N-1” produced by NAMI.
Design:
The heater includes the following elements:
- Radiator.
- Fan.
- Special device for air distribution.
There are two main operating modes:
- When fresh air comes in.
- When recirculating flows.
The second mode implies increased temperature in the cabin. To do this, you need to close the air intake and then open the damper. In the first mode, the actions are performed in the reverse order.
A special unit controls the entire system. A tap is used for adjustment. A new design based on increased flow circulation and the use of fluid in the radiator allows the interior to warm up faster.
It is important to remember about glass blowing. Otherwise, this will lead to icing or fogging. The driver and passengers will feel discomfort.
If moisture gets in, it is removed through the air intake. A docking device is used here.
Breaking
Often, car enthusiasts are faced with cases when the heater (stove) does not perform its direct functions and does not heat. What could be the reasons?
- There is damage in the channels through which air passes.
- Antifreeze is leaking.
- The system is dirty, therefore the temperature is insufficient.
- The faucet on the stove was leaking.
- The valve responsible for protecting the engine has burnt out.
Shall we update?
How to replace a used stove with your own hands? What will you need for this? Everything can be done using the following algorithm.
- We drain all the antifreeze and disconnect all wiring.
- Disconnect the console from the shield. We remove the heating unit, the air intake hatch, remove the seal, and then clean the recesses.
- We try on the air filter, drill holes no more than 3.2 mm in diameter.
- Apply a large layer of sealant to the installation site. We install the housing and fix it. We return the filters from the cabin to their place.
- We install a new heater in the cabin, securing it with studs and M-6 nuts. We fix the node, then install the block console. We fix the entire structure with self-tapping screws.
- Next, we connect the control rod and secure it. We connect the pipes containing the antifreeze to the unit and secure them with special clamps. Then we install blowing channels for the glass.
- Finally, we connect the electrics, fill the system and check how it works. If problems occur, the entire system must be rechecked.
Finally
The heating system of the UAZ “Bukhanka” car is very simple in design. If you do not check its operation in time, eventually the owner will have to spend money on a car service.
The cooling system of the UAZ Patriot is liquid, closed, with forced circulation of coolant. The UAZ cooling system must be filled with low-freezing liquid Tosol-A40M, OZh-40 “Lena” or. At ambient temperatures below minus 40 degrees, it is necessary to use Tosol-A65M low-freezing liquid.
Cooling system of UAZ Patriot with ZMZ-409 engine, design and design features.
The UAZ cooling system consists of an engine cooling jacket, a radiator, a water pump, a thermostat, an expansion tank, a viscous fan drive coupling, an electric fan, connecting hoses and tubes. The cooling system is also connected to heater radiators and an electric pump for the additional interior heater. The pressure in the system is created by a water pump, which is driven by a belt from the crankshaft.
Cooling system of UAZ Patriot with ZMZ-409 Euro-2 and ZMZ-40904 Euro-3 engines.
Cooling system of UAZ Patriot with ZMZ-40905 Euro-4 engine.
From the pump, the liquid is supplied to the engine cooling jacket, and from the jacket it enters a two-valve thermostat with an opening temperature of the main valve of 82+-2 degrees. Depending on the temperature, the coolant then passes into the water pump, at a low temperature, or into the radiator, at a high temperature, and then, after cooling, enters the water pump.
The radiator of the cooling system is tubular-band or with horizontal tubes, aluminum, with brackets for attaching the radiator to the body radiator lining. The expansion tank is plastic, connected by radiator pipes to the thermostat and closed with a screw plug with a valve that maintains excess pressure in the system.
The coolant drain valve or plug is located on the left side of the engine block. Cooling system capacity including the heater: with a tubular band radiator - 12.0 liters, with a radiator with horizontal tubes - 14.0 liters.
Operating temperature of the coolant in the UAZ Patriot cooling system.
Engine coolant operating temperature ZMZ-409 Euro-2 and ZMZ-40904 Euro-3 should be between 80-105 degrees. Short-term engine operation, no more than 5 minutes, is allowed when the coolant temperature rises to 109 degrees.
Engine coolant operating temperature ZMZ-40905 Euro-4 should be between 80-110 degrees. Short-term engine operation, no more than 5 minutes, is allowed when the coolant temperature rises to 120 degrees. If the coolant overheating warning light comes on, you must immediately stop the engine and eliminate the cause of the overheating.
Engine temperature control is carried out using a temperature indicator and an overheating indicator (control lamp) located in the vehicle instrument cluster. The coolant temperature indicator is controlled by a signal generated by the control unit based on information from the temperature sensor located in the thermostat housing.
Replacing engine oil and oil filter ZMZ-409...
The engine cooling system is liquid, closed, with forced circulation of coolant by a centrifugal pump.
The coolant is supplied to the cooling jacket of the cylinder block.
Low-freezing liquid OZh-40 “Lena”, TOSOL-A40M or water are used as a coolant.
At ambient temperatures below minus 40 °C, coolant-65 “Lena”, TOSOL-A65M should be used.
For normal engine operation, the coolant temperature must be maintained within 70–90 °C. This is accomplished by a thermostat, which automatically regulates the amount of fluid flowing through the radiator, and louvres, which regulate the amount of air cooling the radiator.
In cold weather, the cooling system must be protected with an insulating cover with a folding valve.
The coolant temperature is controlled by a temperature gauge located on the instrument panel and connected by an electrical wire to a temperature sensor screwed into the thermostat housing.
In addition, overheating of the coolant is indicated by a lamp with a red filter installed on the instrument panel and connected by an electrical wire to a temperature sensor screwed into the upper radiator tank.
Signal lamp lights up when the coolant reaches a temperature of 91–98 °C.
The causes of overheating may be: low fluid level in the radiator, weak fan belt tension, driving with the blinds closed and the insulating cover valve closed.
If the warning light comes on, the cause of the overheating must be immediately identified and eliminated.
Pump 421.1307010–01– centrifugal type, driven by a V-belt from the crankshaft pulley.
The pump design uses a ball-roller bearing, manufactured integrally with the pump shaft.
The bearing has special seals that ensure preservation of the lubricant incorporated during manufacture. The bearing does not require additional lubrication during operation.
Thermostat– with solid filling, placed in the case.
Operating the engine without a thermostat is unacceptable, because when the thermostat is removed, the main fluid flow will circulate through a small circle of the cooling system, bypassing the radiator, which will lead to engine overheating.
When servicing the engine cooling system of model 414 and model 4178 (pre-1999* production), it is necessary to take into account their design features: *
By the end of 1999, it is planned to completely switch to the production of model 4178 engines with coolant supplied to the cooling jacket of the cylinder block - coolant is supplied to the cylinder head;
– the pump (21–1307010–52) of the cooling system has two ball bearings. Lubricate the bearings according to the instructions in the lubrication table.
Lubricate the bearings through the grease nipple until the grease comes out of the inspection hole. Remove excess grease, as it can get on the fan belt and damage it;
– the coolant temperature control sensor is screwed into the cavity of the cooling system pump;
– The thermostat is installed in the outlet pipe.
Avoid getting coolant into the oil when removing the head or for other reasons, as this causes resinization of the oil, which can lead to coking and loss of mobility of the pushers, resin deposits and blocking of small holes supplying lubricant to the rubbing surfaces.
Maintenance of the cooling system involves removing scale and sediment from it, adjusting the tension of the fan belt, and also flushing the radiator from the outside.
Every three years or every 60,000 km (whichever comes first), flush the cooling system and replace the coolant with new one.
Flush the cooling system as follows:
– fill the system with clean water, start the engine, let it run until it warms up, with the engine idling, drain the water and turn off the engine;
– After cooling the engine, repeat the above operation.
Rice. 1. Flushing the cooling system
If there is significant deposit of scale and sediment, remove them from the cooling system by flushing with a strong stream of clean water.
Wash the engine separately from the radiator (Fig. 1) so that rust, scale and sediment from the engine cooling jacket do not clog the radiator.
Before flushing the engine, in this case, remove the thermostat and disconnect the hoses from the radiator.
To better clean the cooling jacket of the cylinder block, unscrew the drain cock along with the fitting from the cylinder block.
Flush the cooling jacket until the water leaving the engine is clear. Do not use alkaline solutions to wash the cooling jacket, as they cause corrosion of the cylinder head and block.
Rinse the radiator with the cap closed, first supplying water to the upper pipe to remove sediment from the lower tank first, and then to the lower pipe.
Flush until the water coming out of the upper tank is clear. At the same time, rinse the radiator core with a stream of water and blow out compressed air.
If there are significant scale deposits in the radiator tubes, do the following:
1. Remove the radiator from the car and fill it with a 10% solution of sodium hydroxide (caustic soda), preheated to a temperature of 90 °C.
2. After 30 minutes, drain the solution from the radiator.
3. Rinse the radiator with hot water in the direction opposite to the coolant circulation in the engine (see Fig. 1) for 30–40 minutes under a pressure of no more than 49 kPa (0.5 kgf/cm2).
Rice. 2. Checking the fan belt tension
Adjust the fan belt tension by turning the generator.
The normal deflection of the belt should be 8–14 mm when pressed with a force of approximately 4 kgf (Fig. 2).
Check the operation of the thermostat simultaneously with flushing the cooling system, as well as in the event of systematic overheating of the engine (if the power supply and ignition systems are working properly).
To check, place the thermostat together with a thermometer in a vessel with water heated to a temperature of 90–100 °C.
Then, as the water gradually cools, monitor the temperature of the beginning (80±2) °C and the end of closing (70±2) °C of the thermostat valve.
Replace the faulty thermostat with a new one.
When checking the thermostat, pay attention to the cleanliness of the valve disc. Remove scale and dirt from the surface of the thermostat with a wooden spatula, then rinse in water.
You can also check the serviceability of the thermostat by heating the inlet pipe of the upper radiator tank when the engine warms up.
If the thermostat is faulty, the pipe warms up immediately after starting the engine; if it is working properly, it will warm up after the water temperature in the block reaches 60–70 °C (according to the coolant temperature indicator on the instrument panel).
Check the blinds for complete opening with the drive handle pushed in all the way.
If the blinds do not open completely, adjust them as follows:
1. Loosen the screw securing the drive rod in the articulated coupling of the lever located on the blinds.
2. Open the blinds completely by turning the drive lever counterclockwise.
3. Push the blind drive handle all the way.
4. Secure the drive rod in this position in the articulated coupling of the lever.
5. Close and open the blinds several times in a row, then check the complete opening of the blinds with the handle pushed in all the way and their complete closing with the handle pulled out.
If the drive handle moves with great force, lubricate the axes of the blinds and the rod.
Lubricate the valve axes with motor oil, and the rod, after removing it from the shell, with Litol-24 lubricant.
The rod can be lubricated with an easily penetrating lubricant consisting of 60% colloidal graphite concentrate in mineral oil and 40% white spirit. Apply lubricant to the rod casing.
Rice. 3. Fan drive clutch
Engines of models 4218 and 4178 can be equipped with a viscous fan drive coupling (Fig. 3), which reduces fuel consumption, reduces fan noise, and also helps warm up a cold engine and maintain engine thermal conditions within optimal limits.
The outer surface of the coupling should be kept clean to ensure the removal of heat generated during the operation of the coupling and the normal operation of the bimetallic valve spring.
The clutch is turned on and off automatically.
If the clutch stops working, disconnect the clutch from the hub (the connection between the clutch and the hub has a left-hand thread), remove the fan, unscrew the two fan mounting studs from the clutch body, drain the working fluid through the holes in the studs and thoroughly rinse the inner cavity of the coupling with gasoline.
Let the gasoline drain completely, then pour 40 g of polymethylsiloxane liquid PMS-10000 TU 6-02-737-78 into the coupling through one of the holes. The second hole should be open for air to escape.
After this, screw the studs into the housing, secure the fan and install the coupling on the hub of the cooling pump pulley.
Drain the liquid from the engine cooling system through two taps. One of them is located on the lower radiator tank, the other on the cylinder block. When draining, remove the radiator cap.
The importance of the cooling system on all vehicles is endless. The main purpose of this system is to remove high temperature from the engine in order to prevent it from rising above a critical level. After all, an increase in temperature above normal will lead to irreparable consequences that will entail the need for major repairs. But let’s not talk about sad things and let’s look at what the cooling system on the UAZ Patriot is, what its features are and what it consists of.
Device Features
The cooling system on each car is a separate unit, which consists of main components. These main components on the UAZ Patriot car include the following elements:
- radiator;
- water pump;
- thermostat;
- expansion tank;
- coolant;
- fan;
- hoses and tubes.
UAZ vehicles of Euro-3 and Euro-4 environmental standards are equipped with closed-type cooling systems, the functioning of which is ensured by the circulation of antifreeze or antifreeze. This liquid is the main reagent that removes heat from the engine.
The cooling system also includes heater radiators and an electric pump that supplies fluid to these products. The UAZ Patriot Euro-3 is equipped with one heater radiator, and its descendant Euro-4 is already equipped with two devices. The photo below shows a diagram of the design of the cooling system, which displays a complete list of working elements.
The diagram displays not only a list of the main elements of the unit, but also the path of fluid passage. Thanks to such a diagram, you can roughly imagine the structure of the system and the principle of its operation. If we touch on the principle of operation of the unit, it is as follows:
- Since the system is closed, pressure is created in it. Pump 16 is directly involved in creating pressure.
- The pump operates thanks to the torque from the SUV engine shaft.
- The pump directs the liquid into a special jacket, where heat is transferred from the engine to the coolant.
- From the jacket, the liquid enters an element such as thermostat 6, which is involved in the distribution of cold and hot liquid flows. If the fluid is at a high temperature, the thermostat directs it to the radiator for cooling, and if it is cold, then to the water pump.
Thus, the cooling system of the Patriot engine and, in fact, most modern vehicles operate. Therefore, this scheme is appropriate for other cars.
If it is necessary to increase the temperature in the cabin, the driver activates a special heater switch, thereby opening coolant access to heater radiators 1 and 2. Pump 3 begins to pump pressure into the cabin heating structure, thereby accelerating the circulation of liquid through the radiators. The diagram displays all the processes, so understanding it will not be difficult.
On UAZ Patriot Euro-3, the cooling system is supplied from the factory with A40M or A60M antifreeze. Patriots of the new standard are filled with both antifreeze and antifreeze. The difference between these liquids lies in the composition and does not play a big role in the process of heat removal.
Fan
A radiator is a container in which liquid is cooled. But it is impossible to cool the liquid without such an element as a fan, so its presence is mandatory. The fan serves in the cooling system to increase the intensity of the coolant temperature reduction in the radiator. In Patriots, the fan is driven by a belt drive from a viscous coupling. This type of device drive is hydraulic, as it is controlled by fluid in a fluid coupling. But such a fan has many disadvantages, so SUV car owners often resort to engine conversion by In particular, the disadvantages of the hydraulic drive of the device include the following factors:
- The load on the engine increases as the viscous clutch is driven by the crankshaft.
- Instability of fan operation, since the speed of rotation of the blades directly depends on the number of revolutions of the crankshaft.
- Inability to turn on the fan when necessary.
Therefore, in frequent cases, drivers install electric fans, which are very popular in the system.
Unfortunately, even modern SUVs from the Ulyanovsk plant are equipped with radiator cooling fans, which are driven by a viscous coupling. The disadvantages of a viscous coupling include the high cost of the product, since the unit is a whole unit.
In conclusion, it should be noted that the high temperature removal system of a car is very important for it, be it a diesel engine or a gasoline one. After all, in any case, they need to remove high temperature in order to avoid the possibility of engine jamming. Therefore, it is very important for every owner of any car to monitor the proper operation of this unit in order to prevent malfunctions. Otherwise, untimely stopping of the engine when the temperature rises above 100 degrees can be fatal for both the engine and the driver.
You can check your BMR and if you need to reduce it!
22 ..ENGINE COOLING SYSTEM OF UAZ-469 CAR
The engine cooling system (Fig. 43) is liquid, closed, with forced circulation of liquid.
Fill the cooling system with soft fresh water - with a low salt content.
In winter, you can use a liquid with a low freezing point - antifreeze. At temperatures down to minus 40°C, use grade 40 fluid; at lower temperatures, use grade 65. Remember that antifreeze is poisonous.
Maintain the correct engine temperature of 80... 90°C. This reduces engine wear and improves efficiency. Maintain the temperature using blinds
Rice. 43. Engine cooling system diagram:
1 - drain edge of the cylinder block; 2- gasket; 5 - cylinder head;
4 - hole in the water distribution pipe; 5 - water distribution pipe; € - thermostat; 7 - outlet pipe; 8 - bypass channel; 9 - impeller; 10 - drain; 1 - fan; 12 - radiator; 18 - radiator drain valve; 14 - inlet pipe; 15 - cylinder block; 16 - radiator filler neck; 17 - hose; 18 - plug; 19 - expansion tank;
20 - “minimum” mark
Rice. 44. Engine cooling pump:
I - nut; 2 - roller: 3 - pump housing; 4 - control hole for lubricant outlet; 5 - grease fitting; 6 - spacer sleeve; 7 - sealing washer; 8 - rubber cuff; 9 - spring; 10 - impeller; 11 - impeller fastening bolt; 12 - control hole for liquid outlet; 13 - bearings; 14 - fan pulley hub
And the radiator insulation valve. To monitor the coolant temperature, there is a sensor in the water pump bracket, and an electrical indicator on the instrument panel. In addition, a red control light is installed on the instrument panel, which lights up when the liquid temperature rises to 106... 109С. The reasons for the increase in fluid temperature may be a low fluid level in the radiator, a loose fan belt, or driving the vehicle with the blinds closed and the radiator insulation valve closed. The warning lamp sensor is installed in the upper radiator tank. If the lamp lights up, immediately eliminate the cause of overheating.
The pump (Fig. 44) is of a centrifugal type, driven by a V-belt from the crankshaft pulley. The pump shaft is sealed using a self-clamping oil seal. Coolant leakage through the inspection hole at the bottom of the pump housing indicates a seal failure. It is impossible to close the inspection hole if liquid leaks from it, as it will get into the ball bearings and can damage them.
The thermostat (Fig. 45) with a solid filler is placed in the outlet pipe. The thermostat valve begins to open at a coolant temperature of 70±2°C, and at a temperature of 83±2°C it opens completely.
The thermostat automatically maintains the required engine coolant temperature by turning the radiator off or on. In cold weather in winter, especially at low engine loads, to avoid freezing the radiator, always keep the shutters closed and only open them slightly when the coolant temperature rises to 90°C. - h
The radiator plug (Fig. 46) hermetically closes the radiator and communicates with the cooling system to the atmosphere only through the exhaust and intake valves. The exhaust valve opens when the pressure in the system increases to 0.45... 0.65 kgf/cm2 and releases steam. The inlet valve opens at a vacuum in the system of 0.01 ... 0.1 kgf/cm2 and admits atmospheric air into the radiator. For the plug to function properly, the valve gaskets must be in good working order.
Cooling system maintenance. While operating the vehicle, periodically remove scale and debris from the cooling system, adjust the fan belt tension and lubricate the water pump bearings (see lubrication table), and also flush the radiator from the outside.
Rice. 45. Thermostat operation diagram:
1 - thermostat valve is closed; 5 - thermostat valve is open
Remove scale and debris by rinsing with a strong stream of clean water. Wash the engine and radiator separately so that rust, scale and sediment from the engine cooling jacket do not clog the radiator. Before flushing the engine, remove the thermostat from the pipe.
The direction of the jet should be opposite to the direction of water movement during normal operation of the system (Fig. 47).
It is prohibited to use alkaline solutions to wash the cooling jacket, as they cause corrosion of the engine head and cylinder block.
If there are significant scale deposits in the radiator tubes, do the following:
1. Remove the radiator from the car and pour into it a ten percent solution of sodium hydroxide (caustic soda), preheated to a temperature of 90°C and filtered.
2. After 30 minutes, drain the solution from the radiator.
3. Rinse the radiator with a stream of hot water in the direction opposite to the water circulation in the engine for 30... 40 minutes under a pressure of 0.5 kg/cm2 (Fig. 48).
Adjust the fan belt tension by turning the generator. The normal deflection of the belt should be 8... 14 mm when pressing it with a force of 4 kgf (Fig. 49).
If the fan belt starts to slip, increase the tension.
